New Delhi: India achieved a landmark moment in its space journey as IAF Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla safely returned to Earth on Tuesday, concluding a groundbreaking mission that made him the first Indian to reach the International Space Station (ISS). His return marked the successful end of the Axiom Mission-4 (Ax-4), an international collaboration that showcased India’s growing presence in human spaceflight.
Shukla, along with three fellow astronauts — Peggy Whitson from the United States, Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski of Poland, and Tibor Kapu of Hungary — splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off California at 3:01 PM IST (4:31 AM CT). The quartet was aboard SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft Grace, which had undocked from the ISS a day earlier after completing its 20-day orbital stay.
“Splashdown of Dragon confirmed – welcome back to Earth, AstroPeggy, Shux, astro_slawosz, and Tibi!” SpaceX posted on X (formerly Twitter), celebrating the crew’s safe return.
Shukla’s journey began on June 26, making him the second Indian ever to venture into space after Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma’s 1984 mission, and notably, the first Indian to step inside the ISS. His mission symbolizes a new era of India’s engagement in global space exploration.
The return to Earth was a highly orchestrated operation. After an 18-minute de-orbit burn, the capsule re-entered Earth’s atmosphere, braving searing temperatures nearing 1,600°C. A two-stage parachute deployment system ensured a safe descent — with initial stabilizing chutes opening at 5.7 km altitude, followed by main parachutes at around 2 km.
This also marked SpaceX’s second successful human splashdown in the Pacific, reflecting a westward shift in recovery operations previously conducted in the Atlantic.
During his time aboard the ISS, Shukla completed over 310 orbits around Earth, covering nearly 1.3 crore kilometers — the equivalent of 33 round trips to the Moon. The crew witnessed more than 300 sunrises and sunsets during their stay in microgravity.
ISRO confirmed that Shukla successfully executed all seven scientific experiments assigned by Indian researchers. These ranged from biological studies on tardigrades and muscle cell development (myogenesis) to agricultural research including the sprouting of fenugreek (methi) and moong seeds, as well as studies on cyanobacteria, microalgae, and crop seeds. A special “Voyager” display module developed for educational outreach and innovation was also tested onboard.
“Group Captain Shukla’s contribution has set a benchmark for Indian participation in global human space missions,” ISRO stated in an official release.
Shukla’s safe return not only adds a proud milestone to India’s space achievements but also boosts confidence in the country’s preparedness for its own Gaganyaan mission — India’s ambitious human spaceflight program expected to launch in the near future.
